10 resultados para dendritic cells

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Apoptotic cells induce immunosuppression through unknown mechanisms. To identify the underlying molecular mediators, we examined how apoptotic cells induce immunoregulation by dendritic cells (DC). We found that administration of DC exposed to apoptotic c

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Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in linking the innate immunity and acquired immunity in responses to pathogen. Non-human primates such as Chinese Rhesus Macaque (CRM) are the favorable models for preclinical study of potential therapeutic drugs,

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树突状细胞(Dendritic cells,DCs)作为人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)感染的第一靶细胞和第一道防线, 在HIV-1感染 和传播过程当中发挥重要的功能。DC的免疫功能主要包括抗原的捕获、加工、 递呈并激活T细胞对HIV-1作出免疫反应,这些功能的发挥依赖于其自身接受刺 激有效地分化和成熟。 与其它慢病毒(lentivirus)相同,HIV-1所具有的6种辅助蛋白(Nef,Rev, Tat,Vif,Vpr和Vpu),决定着病毒自身的复制增殖和对机体的感染和致病力。 目前,HIV-1辅助蛋白对CD4+ T细胞影响的研究较为深入,是否影响和调节DC 的分化和成熟尚不够清楚,现有的文献报道很少,且相互不一致甚至矛盾。因此, 建立合适的体外研究体系和细胞模型,有针对性地进行研究DC与HIV-1之间的相 互作用,将有助于加深对HIV/AIDS致病和发病机理的理解,具有重要的生物医 学意义。 本实验选择了可被HIV-1感染的白血病细胞系THP-1为实验模型,首先评价 了THP-1作为DC前体在研究DC分化、成熟中的可用性,特别是判定DC分化成熟 和功能状态的主要细胞表面标记的动态变化和规律。进而在相同条件下分析了6 个辅助蛋白基因对THP-1的凋亡诱导作用,证实了Nef和Tat确可诱导转染细胞自 身凋亡,而Rev和Vpr可在THP-1细胞中持续表达,形成了稳定的细胞系,为进一 步研究和比较Rev、Vpr对DC的分化、成熟的影响奠定了实验基础。更重要的是, 我们发现,Vif和Vpu不能在THP-1中有效表达,其原因可能直接与限制性因子 APOBEC3G的存在有关,提示Vpu与APOBEC3G可能存在着新的相互作用——这 一线索已作为实验室新的研究方向,进一步深入的研究可能为HIV/AIDS致病、 发病机理和机体的抗病机制提供新的科学依据。

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树突状细胞(dendritic cells, DC)作为机体天然免疫和获得性免疫反应的桥梁和枢纽,发挥着重要的启动和调控作用。随着体外诱导方法的建立和生物学技术的进步,有关DC 的基础生物学研究得到了快速的发展,在诱导方法、个体发生及基因表达和调控等方面,涌现出很多新的、未解的关键问题。同时,随着对粘膜免疫机理研究的深入,DC 在粘膜生态环境中的功能和影响,渐已成为免疫学研究前沿领域中的热点和要点。在本研究中,为了确定DC 体外分化成熟的最短时程,同时为了研究DC 分化成熟相关的基因表达调控,我们建立了快速的DC 体外诱导方法,分析了体外快速诱导 DC 的mi/mRNA 表达谱。此外,在原始分离的女性生殖道共生乳酸杆菌的基础上,以THP-1作为DC 前体细胞的细胞系模型,开展了女性生殖道共生乳酸杆菌刺激活化 THP-1 的研究,希望能够为乳酸杆菌作为生殖道粘膜免疫疫苗的应用提供理论基础。首先,采用外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC)来源的CD14+细胞为DC 前体,经过GM-CSF 和IL-4 的刺激,1-6 天后得到未成熟DC (immature dendritic cells, iDC),并经成熟因子(TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 与PGE2)诱导 1-2 天后,获得成熟DC(mature dendritic cells, mDC)。经过比较和分析,明确了完全分化和成熟各2 天,即“2+2”,为DC 诱导分化的最佳和最短时程,从而证实和建立了DC 体外快速诱导的体系和方法。该方法获得的iDC 与mDC,具有与传统的“6+2” 方法获得的DC 相同的形态与表型,而且,利用该方法获得的DC 总数高于“1+1”, “1+2”与“6+2”的方法,为DC 的生物学研究提供了基础数据。我们进而采用芯片技术,对体外快速分化成熟的DC 进行了mi/mRNA 表达谱分析,确定了DC 不同分化发育阶段特征性的mi/mRNA 表达差异。结果发现,与CD14+ 单核细胞即DC 前体相比,iDC 与mDC 之间具有更加相近的mi/mRNA 表达方式。 miRNA 表达谱分析则表明,不同的miRNA 表达与DC 的不同分化和发育阶段相关。而且,位于同一基因簇内的miRNA,呈现协同表达的情况。特别值得注意的是,本研究发现了在DC 的某些发育阶段特异表达的miRNA,它们在DC 发育过程中的功能,还未得到诠释,它们在DC 某些分化阶段的特异表达,提示了DC 各分化阶段的相关性与特异性。结合mRNA 表达谱分析,我们发现miRNA 的表达与其目的基因的表达在mRNA 水平呈现负相关的特性。同时,免疫相关mRNA 与miRNA 在DC 体外不同发育阶段的表达亦呈现差异,其中,miRNA(如hsa-miR-181a, hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-146, hsa-miR-106a 与hsa-miR-20a 等)与mRNA(如ALM1 等)参与了特定的与免疫相关的GO(Gene Ontology)与通路(Pathway),提示这些miRNA 与mRNA 可能通过不同的方式调节控制着DC 的体外诱导过程。在有关粘膜生态环境中DC 的分化、成熟及其功能影响的研究中,我们首先通过各种乳酸杆菌鉴定方法的综合应用,确定了6 种原始分离的女性生殖道主要共生乳酸杆菌:发酵乳酸杆菌(L.Fermentum)、约氏乳酸杆菌(L.Johnsonni)、卷曲乳酸杆菌(L.Crispatus)、革氏乳酸杆菌(L.Gasseri)、詹氏乳酸杆菌(L.Jensenii)与德氏乳酸杆菌(L.Delbrueckii )。其中,德氏乳酸杆菌(L.Delbrueckii)和发酵乳酸杆菌(L.Fermentum)具有较高的产H2O2 的能力。在此基础上,我们在与THP-1 的共同培养体系中,将乳酸杆菌对DC 前体的作用和影响进行了比较和研究。结果发现,L.Crispatus 在分离的各原始菌株中,具有最强的刺激THP-1 活化的能力,而且,在相同刺激比例下,L.Crispatus 活菌具有比死菌更强的免疫刺激能力,表现为明显上调THP-1 细胞表面标志CD40、CD80、CD86、 CD1a、CCR6 与CD324 的表达水平,同时可诱导活化THP-1 上调表达Th1 型细胞因子。通过FITC-Dextran 吞噬实验,我们发现,经过L.Crispatus 刺激的THP-1 细胞,其吞噬外来抗原的能力明显下降,但尚未检测到经过活化的THP-1 细胞刺激T 细胞增殖的能力。通过流式细胞术分析的方法,我们检测了TLR1、TLR2、TLR4 与TLR6 在不同的刺激分化阶段的表达水平,结果表明,THP-1 主要通过TLR2 与TLR6 识别女性生殖道L.Crispatus。综上所述,本研究首先通过对DC 体外分化成熟的最短时程的分析,确立了快速诱导DC 的最佳方法,进而利用芯片技术,研究了快速诱导DC 的mi/mRNA 表达谱,揭示了DC 体外分化发育过程中可能的调控途径,为进一步研究DC 的基础生物学提供了恰当的模型和具有指向性的线索。同时,通过与DC 前体THP-1 的共同培养体系,证实了生殖道共生乳酸杆菌的免疫调节作用,为以乳酸杆菌为载体的生殖道粘膜免疫疫苗的研究和应用提供了实验依据

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therapeutic drugs, vaccines and mechanisms of human diseases. Little is known about the normal levels of leukocyte subpopulations of Chinese rhesus macaques. To obtain these data, 100 blood samples from Chinese rhesus macaques were collected. The normal range of major leukocyte subpopulations, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry through BD trucount tubes. The influence of age and sex on the cell counts of leukocyte subpopulations was analyzed. The counts of CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells and B cells decreased with age, but those of monocytes, mDCs and pDCs had no significant correlation with age. Significant differences existed in the cell counts of most leukocyte subpopulations between the male and female groups except pDCs. Furthermore the values of the females were higher than those of the males. The study provided basic information about the leukocyte subpopulations of Chinese rhesus macaques, and it may be valuable for immunobiological study of Chinese rhesus macaques. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2009;6(6):433-440.

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本论文主要由3 个相对独立的部分组成:中国恒河猴单核细胞来源的树突 状细胞的表型及功能研究;外周血DC 亚群在SIVmac239 感染的中国恒河猴中 数量及细胞因子的变化以及急性感染期SIVmac239 对中国恒河猴外周血DC 亚 群的凋亡和免疫表型的影响。 非人灵长类动物是人类的近亲,由于在组织结构、免疫、生理和代谢等诸 多方面与人类高度近似,科学界较普遍地利用非人灵长类作为动物模型来进行 艾滋病(AIDS)的发病机制和疫苗研究。中国恒河猴发病缓慢,更适合于HIV 感染的相关研究。在本研究中,我们在体外成功培养了中国恒河猴单核细胞来 源的树突状细胞(monocyte derived dendritic cells,MDDC),并测定其表型和免 疫刺激功能。通过GM-CSF 和IL-4 共同刺激培养单核细胞6 天以后便获得了未 成熟MDDC,随后加入IL-1β、PGE2、LPS 和TNF-α 联合刺激MDDC 成熟。 成熟的MDDC 上调了共刺激分子和CD83 的表达,具有很强的刺激T 淋巴细胞 增殖的能力并分泌大量的IL-12。本研究为后续的DC 疫苗研究奠定了基础。 我们实验室建立了SIVmac239 感染的中国恒河猴动物模型。以该模型为依 托,我们研究了外周血中DC 亚群在急性感染期以及慢性感染期的数量、表型 及功能变化。DC 作为最重要的连接先天免疫与获得性免疫的抗原递呈细胞, 在AIDS 发病进程中扮演着重要的角色。研究发现AIDS 患者血液和淋巴结中 髓样DC(myeloid DC,mDC)和浆细胞样DC(plasmacytoid DC,pDC)会随 着感染的进程而减少,并且伴随着功能损伤。本论文通过研究发现,中国恒河 猴的DC 亚群数量在感染后尽管波动十分剧烈,但并没有显著性地增加或减少, 中文摘要 2 在后期DC 数量能够回升到正常的范围之类,这种回升不同于印度恒河猴,很 可能是中国恒河猴缓慢发病的原因之一。进一步通过研究体外刺激DC 亚群分 泌的细胞因子,我们发现在急性感染期,pDC 分泌的IFN-α 显著提高,并很可 能刺激mDC 成熟并促进了IL-12 的分泌。早期大量细胞因子的分泌有助于控制 病毒复制,但同时也激起了整个免疫系统的活化,促进了疾病进程。而在整个 感染阶段,IFN-α 与CD4+ T 细胞呈正相关,而与病毒载量呈负相关,表明了 IFN-α 对于延缓疾病进程具有重要的意义。 我们测定了急性感染期DC 亚群受病毒影响而发生的表型变化,发现pDC 更容易受到病毒影响而发生凋亡,这可能与pDC 高表达SIV 受体CD4 和CCR5 有关。在感染过程中,尽管mDC 和pDC 都显著地下调了CD4 表达,而上调了 CCR5 的表达,不过仅发现pDC CD4 的表达与病毒载量呈负相关,而CCR5 的 表达与病毒载量呈正相关。在此过程中DC 亚群都会因为病毒的影响而活化, 继而提高CCR7 的表达。同时无论mDC 还是pDC,其表达的CD80 和CD86 都与病毒载量呈正相关。在早期感染中,DC 的活化促使整个免疫系统针对病 毒发挥免疫反应,对于控制疾病发展具有重要意义。

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CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can stimulate the immune system, and therefore are widely used as a therapeutic vaccination and immune adjuvant in human. In the present study, CpG-C, a combination of A- and B-class ODN, was injected into Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis at three doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mu g crab-1), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activities of total intracellular phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme-like activities, the mRNA transcripts of EsproPO, EsCrustin and EsALF were assayed to evaluate its modulating effects on the immune system of crab. The ROS levels in all treated and control groups were significantly increased from 6 to 24 h, except that ROS in 0.1 mu g CpG-C-treated crabs was comparable to that of the blank at 6 h. The PO activity was significantly enhanced and EsproPO transcripts were down-regulated (P < 0.01) at 6 h after the injection of 0.1 mu g CpG-C, with no significant changes in the other dosage treatments. The lysozyme-like activities and EsCrustin transcripts in the CpG-C-treatment groups were significantly higher than those of controls. The mRNA expression of EsALF remained almost constant in all the groups during the treatment. These results collectively suggested that CpG-C could activate the immune responses of E. sinensis, and might be used as a novel immunostimulant for disease control in crabs.

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A cluster of 11 interferon (IFN) genes were identified in the Atlantic salmon genome linked to the growth hormone I gene. The genes encode three different IFN subtypes; IFNa (two genes), IFNb (four genes) and IFNc (five genes), which show 22-32% amino acid sequence identity. Expression of the fish IFNs were studied in head kidney, leukocytes or To cells after stimulation with the dsRNA poly I:C or the imidazoquinoline S-27609. In mammals, poly I:C induces IFN-beta through the RIG-I/MDA5 or the TLR3 pathway, both of which are dependent on NF-kappa B. In contrast, S-27609 induces mammalian IFN-alpha in plasmacytoid dendritic cells through the TLR7 pathway independent of NF-kappa B. The presence of an NF-kappa B site in their promoters and their strong up-regulation by poly I:C, suggest that salmon IFNa1/IFNa2 are induced through similar pathways as IFN-beta. In contrast, the apparent lack of NF-kappa B motif in the promoter and the strong upregulation by S-27609 in head kidney and leukocytes, suggest that IFNb genes are induced through a pathway similar to mammalian IFN-alpha. IFNc genes showed expression patterns different from both IFNa and IFNb. Taken together, salmon IFNa and IFNb are not orthologs of mammalian IFN-beta and IFN-alpha, respectively, but appear to utilize similar induction pathways. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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CD83 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and a surface marker for fully matured dendritic cells (DCs) in humans and mice. In teleosts, DC-like cells and their molecular markers are largely unknown. In this report, we described the identification and expressional analysis of a CD83 homologue, SmCD83, from turbot Scophthalmus maximus. The open reading frame of SmCD83 is 639 bp, which is preceded by a S'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp and followed by a 3'-UTR of 1111 bp. The SmCD83 gene is 4716 bp in length, which contains five exons and four introns. The deduced amino acid sequence of SmCD83 shares 40-50% overall identities with the CD83 of several fish species. Like typical CD83, SmCD83 possesses an Ig-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The conserved disulfide bond-forming cysteine residues and the N-linked glycosylation sites that are preserved in CD83 are also found in SmCD83. Expressional analysis showed that constitutive expression of SmCD83 was high in gill, blood, spleen, muscle, and kidney and low in heart and liver. Bacterial infection and poly(I:C) treatment enhanced SmCD83 expression in kidney in time-dependent manners. Likewise, bacterial challenge caused significant induction of SmCD83 expression in cultured macrophages. Vaccination of turbot with a bacterin and a purified recombinant subunit vaccine-induced significant SmCD83 expression during the first week following vaccination. These results demonstrate that SmCD83 expression correlates with microbial challenge and antigen stimulation, which suggests the possibility that there may exist in turbot DC-like antigen-presenting cells that express SmCD83 upon activation by antigen uptake. In addition, these results also suggest that SmCD83 may serve as a marker for activated macrophages in turbot. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.